Natural Iron Chelator. Chemistry, Biology, and Therapeutic Applications

Master's Thesis from the year 2019 in the subject Chemistry - General, grade: 4.0, Mansoura University, language: English, abstract: Iron-overload disorder (hemochromatosis) is one of the major reasons of morbidity, caused by genetic disorder of protein involved in regulation of iron absorption or due to multiple transfusion of iron in chronic anemia for example thalassemia. Resulting in initiation and propagation reactive oxygen species which attacking macromolecules of cells such as proteins, lipids, RNA and DNA and ultimately cells death. Leading to a state of oxidative stress associated with many of health problems such as heart failure, liver cirrhosis, fibrosis, gallbladder disorders, diabetes, arthritis, infertility, and cancer. The available chelators drugs can forming soluble, stable complexes with excessive iron andexcreted it in the feces and/or urine. But due to, their high cost, severe side effects, poor oralbioavailability or short plasma half-life make them suboptimal.Sixteen plant leaves were collected, authenticated and subjected to exhausted extraction by 70% methanol. The obtained leaves extracts were screened for their iron chelation activity using 2,2`- bipyridyl assay. Among the screened extracts, the Mangiferaindica leaves showed the highest iron chelation activity(69.71 ± 0.27%)comparable to positive control, EDTA(70.30 ± 0.08%).The total extract of theM. indica leaves was partitioned with different solvents (petroleum ether, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate and n-butanol). The resultingfractions were screened for their iron chelation activity using 2, 2`- bipyridyl assay.EtOAcfractionhad the significant chelating activity (123 ± 2.75%),more potent than EDTA(64.12 ± 1.48%) and total extract of M. indica leaves (69.71 ± 0.27%). The mangiferin compound was subjected to comparison with desferal® to assurance the quality of its chelating activity throughdetermine the active sites responsible of its chelating property and evaluation the effect of its iron-stable complex on its antioxidant activity.According to introduced results, through different biological analysis. We found that, the iron-overloaded rats treated with ethyl acetate fraction had significant decreases in iron accumulation within liver and spleen (the major organs affected by iron overload). We assume that, the mangiferin may protect from reactive oxygenspecies-stimulatedseveral of disordersby its iron chelatingactivity which promotes its antioxidant property.