Age-Related Stereotype Threat and Emotion Recognition in Older and Young Adults. The Role of Self-Efficacy and Pupil Size

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2023 in the subject Psychology - Miscellaneous, grade: 1 (sehr gut), University of Innsbruck, language: English, abstract: Imagine a world where age becomes a barrier, not a badge of honor, subtly undermining cognitive abilities. This groundbreaking study delves into the insidious effects of age-related stereotype threat on emotion recognition, exploring how deeply ingrained societal biases can impact the cognitive functions of older adults. Unveiling the complex interplay between aging, societal perceptions, and individual capabilities, this research investigates whether the fear of confirming negative stereotypes about aging can actually hinder older individuals' ability to accurately perceive and understand emotions. Going beyond traditional cognitive assessments, the study pioneers the use of pupillometry, a cutting-edge technique that measures subtle changes in pupil dilation, to capture implicit physiological responses that reflect underlying cognitive processes, providing a window into the subconscious mechanisms at play. Furthermore, it examines the moderating role of self-efficacy, questioning whether a strong belief in one's own abilities can serve as a protective shield against the detrimental effects of stereotype threat. By comparing emotion recognition abilities between older and younger adults, the research sheds light on the specific vulnerabilities associated with age-related stereotypes and the potential for interventions to mitigate their negative consequences. This exploration into age-related stereotype threat, cognitive empathy, self-efficacy, emotion recognition, pupillometry, and cognitive function offers critical insights into promoting healthy aging and fostering a more inclusive society that values the cognitive contributions of individuals of all ages. The findings have significant implications for understanding the challenges faced by older adults in navigating social interactions and maintaining their overall well-being, paving the way for targeted interventions to combat stereotype threat and empower older individuals to thrive. Ultimately, this research seeks to challenge ageist assumptions, promote cognitive health, and unlock the full potential of our aging population, demonstrating the power of self-belief in the face of societal prejudice. This study is poised to reshape our understanding of age-related cognitive changes and inform strategies for creating a more equitable and supportive environment for older adults, emphasizing the importance of implicit measures and physiological responses in understanding the complexities of cognitive aging and the impact of age-related stereotype threat.