Sonstiges
Aspects of Lepton Masses Mixings and Flavor Violation In Supersymmetric Theories
Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2018 in the subject Physics - Other, grade: -, Gauhati University, language: English, abstract: Dive into the fascinating realm where supersymmetry dances with Grand Unified Theories, and discover how the subtle whispers of neutrinos might unlock the secrets of the universe. This book meticulously dissects the intricate connections between lepton masses, neutrino mixing, and the tantalizing phenomenon of flavor violation, all within the framework of supersymmetric models. Journey to the GUT scale, where the SO(10) Grand Unified Theory reigns supreme, and witness the power of the type II seesaw mechanism in shaping our understanding of neutrino mass generation. Explore the implications of rare charged lepton flavor violating (cLFV) decays, such as ¿ ¿ e¿, as a window into new physics beyond the Standard Model. Uncover how precision measurements from experiments like MEG and the LHC are tightening the noose on supersymmetric particle masses and offering clues about the underlying structure of reality. Delve into the nuances of mSUGRA, NUHM, and NUGM models, and learn how the subtle differences between them can be revealed through the observation of heavy particles in future collider experiments. Contemplate the profound implications of leptonic CP violation and its potential connection to the elusive baryon asymmetry of the universe. Ascertain the latest constraints on the unitarity of the PMNS matrix, and ponder its role in unraveling the mysteries of neutrino oscillations. This book is a must-read for researchers and students alike who seek a comprehensive and insightful exploration of neutrino physics, supersymmetry, and the quest for a deeper understanding of the fundamental laws that govern our cosmos. Prepare to be challenged, enlightened, and inspired by the cutting-edge research presented within these pages, as we edge ever closer to a unified theory of everything. Unravel the complexities of neutrino physics and its deep connection to the very fabric of existence, exploring the profound implications for our understanding of the universe and the fundamental laws that govern it, examining the delicate interplay between theory and experiment that drives progress in this exciting field.
Augenheilkunde im Rom der frühen Kaiserzeit
Cosmological Heresies. A new model of the evolution of the universe
Academic Paper from the year 2017 in the subject Physics - Other, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: The surface of last scattering is regarded as a consequence of the Big Bang description of the origin of the observable universe. It is envisaged as a spherical surface from which all of the CMB photons emanate and centred on the Earth. Because of the opacity of the universe prior to the formation of this surface this taken to be the farthest redshift that may be observed.The discovery of the cosmic jerk was made, independently, by groups led by Schmidt and Perlmutter; the effect is shown clearly in their data as presented by Krauss, p85, [3]. It was found that approximately five billion years bp the expansion of the universe appeared to change suddenly from a state of deceleration to one of acceleration and is attributed to the entity called dark energy. It is not known whether this acceleration will persist into the indefinite future. Indeed, the future of the universe is a subject of much discussion, not to say, controversy.In this work the vacuum of the universe is modelled as a very large set of conjugate pairs of bi-modal, frequency-quantised, simple quantum harmonic oscillators, one having positive energy, the other, negative energy. Further, each pair of oscillators occupies a cubical enclosure of side equal to the wavelength corresponding to their current frequency, and related through the relationship, ¿l=c. The mode of action of the harmonic oscillators is explained in detail and is shown to exist in two modes, the sterile mode and the free vacuon mode, the former being the overwhelmingly-dominant state of the universe. According to the model developed here the universe, prior to inception was cold, dark and empty and had existed in this state into the indefinite past. Inception was induced by a quantum fluctuation casting the universe into a free vacuon mode and the baryonic and dark matters were formed cold during this phase. The light elements, which are taken to be evidence of a Big Bang are shown to be formed later by an isolated nuclear fusion event occurring during a free vacuon mode. The so-called surface of last scattering is also generated by the heating of mass during a free vacuon mode. The cosmic jerk is attributed to heating during a free vacuon mode and the CMB is the attenuated radiation from this event, the radiation from the nuclear fusion event and surface of last scattering being attenuated to below the level of detectability at the present time.
Die Grundlagen der Physik
Edge magnetization in chiral graphene nanoribbons and quantum anomalous Hall effect interfaces in graphene
Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2015 in the subject Physics - Other, , course: Graphene, language: English, abstract: This thesis is composed of two theoretical studies related to properties of edge states in nanostructures of graphene monolayers. In the first one, we analyze the magnetic properties of chiral graphene nanoribbons. Chiral edges corresponds to a symmetry property whose mirror image cannot be superposed on to the original one, inversely of an achiral. There are only two cases of achiral nanoribbon: armchair or zigzag edges. Chiral graphene nanoribbons, as well as those with zigzag edges, have localized states that favour to edge magnetization. In our analysis we use the tight-binging (TB) model with an electron-electron Hubbard mean-field interaction term. We show that only the standard tight-binding model with nearest-neighbor hopping is not sufficient to describe the low-energy and magnetic properties of graphene nanoribbons, i.e., the inclusion of next-nearest-neighbor hopping terms is necessary for an accurate modeling. We compare the results from our model with recent data from scanning tunneling spectroscopy and propose a new interpretation for the peaks experimentally observed in the local density of states. The second subject of this thesis corresponds to a study in progress of conducting states from the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) in graphene in the presence of a periodic exchange field and a Rashba spin-orbit interaction. We call interfaces the point where two systems meet, in this case, a system with positive sign in the exchange field interaction (EF) meet the analogous system with negative sign in the EF. The conducting states appear at the point of meet: gapless interfaces states. To this end, we analyze the formation of gapless states in the change of the sign from exchange field parameter in graphene with Rashba spin-orbit interaction. While the system in QAHE with a constant sign in exchange field has energy gap separating the highest occupied electronic band from the lowest empty band our results shows that the possibility of tunable exchange field sign creates conducting interfaces states, remaining a bulk energy gap.
Emulation of Bursting Neurons in Neuromorphic Hardware based on Phase-Change Materials
Master's Thesis from the year 2012 in the subject Physics - Other, grade: 1,7, RWTH Aachen University (1. Physikalisches Institut (IA)), language: English, abstract: In the history of computing hardware,Moore's law, named after Intel co-founder Gordon E.Moore, describes a long-termtrend, whereby the number of transistors that can be placedinexpensively on an integrated circuit doubles approximately every two years. Becausethe number of transistors is crucial for computing performance, significant performancegains could be achieved simply through complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)transistor downscaling. AlthoughMoore's law, which was mentioned for the first time in 1965,turned out to persist for almost five decades, the nano era poses significant problems to theconcept of downscaling. Upon approaching the size of atoms, quantum effects, such asquantum tunneling, pose fundamental barriers to the trend. Furthermore, the conventionalcomputing paradigm based on the Von-Neumann architecture and binary logic becomesincreasingly inefficient considering the growing complexity of todays computational tasks.Hence, new computational paradigms and alternative information processing architecturesmust be explored to extend the capabilities of future information technology beyond digitallogic. A fantastic example for such an alternative information processing architecture is thehuman brain. The brain provides superior computational features such as ultrahigh densityof processing units, low energy consumption per computational event, ultrahigh parallelismin computational execution, extremely flexible plasticity of connections between processingunits and fault-tolerant computing provided by a huge number of computational entities.Compared to today's programmable computers, biological systems are six to nine orders ofmagnitude more efficient in complex environments. For instance: simulating five secondsof brain activity takes IBM's state-of-the-art supercomputer Blue Gene a hundred times aslong, i.e. 500 s, during which it consumes 1.4MWof power, whereas the power dissipation inthe human central nervous system is of the order of 10W. Thus, it is not only extremelyinteresting but in terms of computational progress also highly desirable to understand how information is processed in the human brain. The conceptual idea developed within theframework of this thesis tries to contribute to this intention. [...]
Fouriertransformation und Ortsfrequenzfilterung - Protokoll zum Versuch
Praktikumsbericht / -arbeit aus dem Jahr 2011 im Fachbereich Physik - Sonstiges, Universität Bielefeld, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Das Ziel des Versuchs ist das Verständnis der Bildentstehung in einem Linsensystem. Dazu sind die Phänomene der Brechung und Beugung von Licht von Bedeutung. Zusätzlich soll Bildfilterung verstanden werden.
Kapitalmarkteffizienz und Marktmikrostruktur-überlegungen bei Kapitalerhöhungen aus Gesellschaftsmitteln und Stock splits
Diplomarbeit aus dem Jahr 1999 im Fachbereich Physik - Sonstiges, Note: 1.3, FernUniversität Hagen, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Ausgangspunkt der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Informationseffizienz. Ein hohe Informationseffizienz ist Voraussetzung für eine optimale Kapitalallokation und Bedingung für einen vollkommenen Kapitalmarkt. Für diesen hängt der Kapitalwert theoretisch nicht von Finanzierungsentscheidungen ab. Verschiedene empirische Untersuchungen der Kapitalmärkte deuten jedoch darauf hin, daß Finanzierungsentscheidungen bei börsennotierten Unternehmen Kursreaktionen auslösen, die im Rahmen von neoklassischen Gleichgewichtsmodellen nicht erklärt werden können. Die beobachteten Kurs-reaktionen deuten auf die Existenz von Marktunvollkommenheiten. Für deren Beschreibung existiert keine geschlossene Theorie, folglich ist nur eine Partialanalyse der Finanzierungsentscheidung mit Hilfe verschiedener Untersuchungshypothesen möglich. Die darin vorgeschlagenen Wirkungszusammenhänge lassen sich in Ereignis-studien aufzeigen.
Morphismen und Impulswirksamkeit Lagrange Kohärenter Fluids-within-Fluid-Systeme
Nachgedacht I. Zur Volumenarbeit bei quasistatischer und nichtquasistatischer Prozessführung
On the Conservation of Momentum, Angular Momentum, Energy, and Information
Scientific Essay from the year 2016 in the subject Physics - Other, , language: English, abstract: This paper shows that the conservation of momentum, angular momentum, and energy leads to a conservation of information in physics. Information and causality lead to an uncertainty principle in physics.
Prospekte der Simulation von "Fluid within Fluid Strukturen" in gewöhnlichen Strömungsfeldern
Raum - Bewegung
Relativistische Optik und verallgemeinerte eigentliche Lorentz-Transformationen
The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays
Thermal lens spectrometry using Gaussian and Laguerre Gaussian modes of excitation
Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2022 in the subject Physics - Other, grade: PhD, , language: English, abstract: Imagine peering into the heart of matter, not with brute force, but with the gentle touch of light itself - this is the realm of thermal lens spectrometry, and this research unveils a groundbreaking advancement. This study revolutionizes the landscape of optical sensing by introducing a novel thermal lens (TL) spectrometry model that harnesses the unique properties of Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes of excitation. Departing from conventional methods reliant on Gaussian beams, this thesis meticulously develops and validates a sophisticated model, revealing the enhanced sensitivity and accuracy achievable with LG modes. Prepare to delve into a comprehensive exploration that meticulously compares LG and Gaussian excitation techniques, dissecting the intricate refractive index and temperature gradient profiles they produce. The research culminates in the development and rigorous validation of a modified dual-beam Z-scan model, experimentally verified using distilled water, solidifying its practical applicability. This investigation meticulously details the experimental setup and methodology employed, providing a transparent and reproducible framework for future studies in laser spectroscopy. Explore the depths of thermal diffusivity, absorption coefficient analysis, and the intricacies of optical sensing as this research redefines the boundaries of what's possible in non-destructive material characterization. Discover how manipulating the very shape of light unlocks unprecedented precision in thermal lens spectrometry, paving the way for advancements in diverse fields ranging from environmental monitoring to biomedical diagnostics. This work is essential reading for researchers and practitioners seeking to push the limits of detection and unlock new insights into the fundamental properties of matter through the power of light. The detailed analysis of Z-scan techniques further refines our understanding of thermal lens phenomena, offering a more accurate and reliable tool for scientists and engineers alike. This study not only presents a novel model but also provides a comprehensive guide to its implementation and application, making it an invaluable resource for anyone working in the field of laser-based analytical techniques.
Total Electron Content Variations Over Magnetic Equatorial And Equatorial Anomaly Regions Of The Eastern African Sector
Master's Thesis from the year 2016 in the subject Physics - Other, , course: Master of Science in Physics, language: English, abstract: The presence of charged particles in the earth's ionosphere affect radio signals that traverse the ionosphere, causing signal delay or loss of lock when in severe conditions, and this hampers GPS-based communication systems. Studies have proved that the magnitude of these ionospheric effects on GPS signals is directly proportional to the total electron content (TEC).In this study, TEC variations as well as variations of Crest-to-Trough TEC Ratio (TEC-CTR), and the effects of geomagnetic storms on ionospheric TEC were investigated using dual-frequency GPS derived TEC data obtained from four stations within the Eastern African equatorial region for the high solar activity year 2012.Annual variations showed that TEC had two peaks in the equinoctial months while minima values were observed in the summer and winter solstices. The diurnal pattern showed a pre-dawn minimum, a steady increase from about sunrise to an afternoon maximum and then a gradual fall after sunset to attain a minimum just before sunrise. Nighttime enhancements of TEC were observed mostly in the equinoctial months. Analysis of the diurnal and seasonal variability of TEC showed two peaks, one peak occurred during pre-midnight hours and the second (highest) peak occurred during the post-midnight (early morning) hours. There was comparably higher percentage variability during nighttime than daytime and highest during equinoxes, moderate in winter and least during summer solstice. It was observed that generally TEC values were higher at the dip equator than near the crest of the equatorial ionization anomaly.TEC-CTR was seen to have two peak values, one occurred in the pre-sunrise hours around 02:00-03:00 UT and the second (highest) occurred in the post-sunset hours around 18:00-20:00 UT. TEC exhibited good correlation with geomagnetic storm indices.
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