Biologie

28 Augentypen. Schemazeichnungen, physikalische Erläuterungen und Rechnungen

Zusammenfassung aus dem Jahr 1999 im Fachbereich Biologie - Zoologie, , Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Diese Zusammenfassung aus dem Bereich Zoologie enthält folgende Inhalte inklusive Quellenangaben: - Augen mit Akkommodation;- Augen mit elastischen Linsen;- Augen mit unelastischen Linsen, deren Lage verändert wird;- Augen mit unelastischen Linsen mit veränderlicher Augenlänge;- Augen mit "Vorsatzlinsen" oder "Nachvergrößerung";- Augen ohne Akkommodation;- Augen mit unsymmetrischer Bildweite;- Augen mit zwei Retinen;- Augen mit großer Schärfentiefe;- Augen ohne Linse;- Augen mit Spiegeln;- Komplexaugen mit Linsen, Ommatidien sechseckig;- Komplexaugen mit Spiegeln, Ommatidien quadratisch;- Sukzessives Abtasten des Gesichtsfeldes;- Ungerichtete Photorezeptoren;- Kein Auge, aber ein Leuchtorgan;- Physikalische Anmerkungen und Rechnungen zu den Augen

A Crack in Creation

A Novel Tool for Monitoring of Forest Plant Growth and Development Stages. Complexation of Spectroscopy, Gas Chromatography and Direct Mass Spectrometry

Literature Review from the year 2014 in the subject Biology - Ecology, Moscow State Pedagogical University (Inst. Biol. Chem.), language: English, abstract: A novel hybrid method for direct auxanometric measurements is proposed, which allows to analyze plant growth dynamics at different developmental stages. The above measurements include long-term monitoring using optical analysis with direct mass spectroscopic and gas chromatographic detection. Based on the known flavor differences ¿f blooming plants at various phenological stages, we propose to distinguish between phenological stage dynamics of various plant species and groups according to modern trends in flavor chemistry. It is possible to perform a simultaneous chemical analysis and automatic classification of forest plants in model plant communities according to their phenorhythm types and phenological groups with the approach described using automatic pattern recognition and MS fingerprinting. The novel method can also provide phenospectral data ranging useful for establishing the dependence of plant growth and developmental stage phenology on the environmental factors. Since the method is based on combination of several different measurement sources, it is standardless, and thus possesses a wide application in laboratory climatic chambers as well as in natural field conditions with the equipment placed in Stevenson screen (meteorological instrument shelter) like the abundant tools for meteo-climatic monitoring.

A Review of degradation status of the Mau Forest and Possible Remedial Measures

Essay from the year 2009 in the subject Forestry / Forestry Economics, grade: 8, Wageningen University, language: English, abstract: Deforestation and degradation of forests continue at alarmingly high rate, particularly in the tropics. Kenya's annual deforestation rate is estimated at 0.5%, putting at stake the survival of the timber industry and livelihood of forest dependent communities. The Mau forest is one of few remaining indigenous forests in Kenya with high deforestation rate. The forest supports the livelihood of the indigenous and surrounding communities and is major water catchment for the Eastern Africa region. This paper discusses the importance of the Mau forest and impacts of its degradation on the indigenous, national and regional communities, and proposes possible strategies to curb degradation of the forest. It is shown that degradation of the forest stems from activities of the surrounding communities, overpopulation and weaknesses in national laws and their enforcement. Several strategies are suggested; including involvement of the indigenous community in forest management, population control and the implementation of far reaching reforms in the forest and land sectors. It is recommended that since the benefits of the Mau forest are international, a debt¿for¿nature swap or similar schemes should be introduced to free national income for development and reduce the reliance on forest resources.

A Study on Carp Polyculture in an Earthen pond

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2022 in the subject Agrarian Studies, grade: 3.87/4, , course: Aquaculture, language: English, abstract: This is a study of carp polyculture in an earthen pond. During present work the growth and production parameters of different fish species was assessed along with the regular monitoring of water quality parameters. The general objective of this study was to learn the production of carps under polyculture system in an earthen pond.Specific objectives were to access the growth and yields of different carps in polyculture system, to calculate gross margin, B:C ratio and apparent FCR of carp polyculture, to monitor the water quality parameters required for carp polyculture and to learn about the marketing of carps. "Carp Polyculture in an Earthen Pond" is an undergraduate project which was performed at fish farm of Agriculture and Forestry University, Chitwan, Nepal by Subash Yadav Ahir. It was of three month duration and involved a complete series of field as well as lab works that a required during polyculture of carp species. After the completion of project the final result was presented among all the faculty members and students through presentation and after successful thesis defence, B.Sc. Fisheries degree was awarded to me in December, 2022.

Ackerbau, Pflanzenbau und Pflanzenzüchtung

In kompakter Form finden Bachelor-Studierende der Agrarwissenschaften die Basics der Bereiche Ackerbau, Pflanzenbau und Pflanzenzüchtung. Das Lehrbuch stellt die Zusammenhänge zwischen den Anbaubedingungen und der Ertragsbildung dar, zeigt aber auch deren Wirkung auf die Umwelt.Die Neuauflage des etablierten Standardlehrbuchs wurde inhaltlich und grafisch komplett überarbeitet und aktualisiert. Zahlreiche didaktische Boxen erleichtern das Lernen - ideal für den Einstieg ins Studium und zur Prüfungsvorbereitung!

Actividad antimicrobiana de hidrolizados proteicos de semillas de "Mucuna pruriens" en cepas de "Escherichia coli" y "Listeria monocytogenes" para su aplicación en la industria alimentaria

Tesis (Bachelor) del año 2016 en eltema Biología - Microbiología y Biología molecular, Nota: 94, , Materia: QUÍMICO FARMACÉUTICO BIÓLOGO, Idioma: Español, Resumen: En el presente trabajo de investigación se evaluó la actividad inhibitoria de crecimiento bacteriano de derivados proteicos de Mucuna pruriens obtenidos por hidrólisis enzimática del concentrado de proteína de las semillas de dicha planta. Se utilizaron granos secos de Mucuna obtenidos de un productor del estado de Yucatán y de una sola cosecha. Para la obtención del concentrado se realizó un fraccionamiento húmedo de los componentes de la harina de los granos y posteriormente se hidrolizaron mediante dos sistemas secuenciales, Alcalase®-Flavourzyme® (AF) y Pepsina-Pancreatina (PP). Para obtener fracciones de determinado tamaño molecular se realizó la ultrafiltración utilizando membranas de 10, 5, 3 y 1 kDa. Los grados de hidrólisis de ambos sistemas fueron de 25.34% y 47.28% para AF y PP respectivamente. El contenido proteico de las fracciones osciló entre 0.114 - 1.018 para AF y 0.175 - 1.014 para PP. El tamaño de las fracciones fue verificado mediante electroforesis desnaturalizante SDS-PAGE y comparado contra marcadores moleculares comerciales. Se realizaron cultivos de los microorganismos Escherichia coli O157:H7 y Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115. Para la evaluación de sensibilidad antimicrobiana se siguieron los protocolos M100-S24, M45-L del CLSI y del EUCAST (European Comittee on Antimicrobial Suceptibility Testing). Las pruebas de difusión en disco fueron negativas para ambos sistemas siendo las cepas resistentes a todas las fracciones proteicas probadas. Se realizó un antibiograma a cada microorganismo y se probó la sensibilidad a antibióticos conocidos.

Agricultural Production In Nigeria. A Review of Recent Developments in Policy and Practice

Scientific Essay from the year 2016 in the subject Agrarian Studies, South Bank University London, language: English, abstract: This article draws on critical review of research articles, official statistics and policy documents on agricultural production in Nigeria, especially since the beginning of the current democratic dispensation in 1999. This paper highlights the findings of researchers and policy makers on the significant gains made in the agricultural sector, especially in terms of increased productivity of staple crops like cassava and rice. However, this review also identifies significant gaps in knowledge and deficiencies in practice, in the areas of innovation diffusion among rural farmers, market reforms, engagement in high value chains, and the politics of policy implementation and evaluation.

Agroforstpraxis in der Schweiz

Air Quality Situations in Latin America and the Caribbean

Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2019 in the subject Biology - Micro- and Molecular Biology, grade: 9.0, , language: English, abstract: This thesis work aims to investigate the air quality situation in Latin America and the Caribbean by making a review of the present status of air quality. This outline contains an evaluation of the current status of air quality observing countries and cities of LAC and the present levels of the most critical pollutants contrasted with the WHO Air Quality Standards. This review will also focus on the health effects of human causing by air pollution and development strategies to reduce air pollution in LAC.Air pollution is the release of several pollutants into the air which is directly or indirectly harmful to the living beings. Around 91% of the total world's population lives in areas where air pollution exceeds WHO air quality guidelines. Air pollution has turned into a major global concern in numerous urban communities around the world as a result of developing industrialization and expanding urbanization. It harms crops, creatures, forests, and waterways. It also adds to the exhaustion of the ozone layer, which protects the earth from the sun's UV light.Air is mainly composed of nitrogen, oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, ammonia, nitrogen oxide, particulate matter, volatile organic compounds and other gases. Air pollution is caused by different types of pollutants present in the air and due to unfavorable weather conditions. These pollutants are including various short-lived climate pollutants, particulate matter, etc. Short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) remain in the atmosphere for a short time which has a warming effect on climate. The major SLCPs consist of black carbon, tropospheric ozone and methane. The largest source of SCLPs in Latin America is Mexico City (Mexico). Furthermore, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are responsible for air pollution. It is widely used in refrigeration and insulating foam. BC is another pollutant that absorbs sunlight and also melts ice and snow which cause global warming. 12% of the world's total BC emissions are originated from LAC. Black carbon remains in the atmosphere for a relatively short time for only days or weeks compared to other greenhouse gases, such as CO2. Accordingly, reducing black carbon emissions allows benefits almost immediately.

Akustische Erfassung von Fledermäusen in unterirdischen Quartieren

Wissenschaftlicher Aufsatz aus dem Jahr 2015 im Fachbereich Biologie - Zoologie, , Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: In der vorliegenden Untersuchung werden bei Fotomonitoring-Untersuchungen akustische Referenzaufnahmen verschiedener Fledermausarten gewonnen und Rufparameter vermessen. Ziel ist es, eine brauchbare Bestimmungshilfe für Rufe an unterirdischen Quartieren zu schaffen. Es werden Chancen und Grenzen akustischer Erhebungen an unterirdischen Quartieren aufgezeigt und Empfehlungen für das Untersuchungsdesign gegeben. Dabei stellt die akustische Langzeit-Erfassung von Fledermäusen in unterirdischen Quartieren je nach Fragestellung eine sinnvolle Ergänzung oder sogar Alternative zu herkömmlichen Nachweis-Methoden dar. Um neben der Aktivität auch die Artzusammensetzung erfassen zu können, ist jedoch eine intensivere Kenntnis der Rufe der verschiedenen Fledermausarten an diesen Quartieren Voraussetzung.

Alfred Russel Wallace und die Entstehung der modernen Selektionstheorie

Examensarbeit aus dem Jahr 2003 im Fachbereich Biologie - Evolution, Note: 1,3, Universität Bremen, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Mit dem Begriff der Evolutionstheorie (und als Teil davon der Selektionstheorie) verbinden die meisten von uns unweigerlich den Namen eines Mannes: Charles Robert Darwin; Anhänger "seiner" Theorie werden als "Darwinisten" bezeichnet. Die wenigsten fachlich Interessierten wissen jedoch, daß die sogenannte Evolutionstheorie gleichzeitig beinahe unabhängig voneinander (wenn auch auf den gleichen Vorarbeiten aufbauend) von zwei sehrverschiedenen Männern entwickelt wurde. Lediglich einer dieser Namen taucht regelmäßig im Zusammenhang mit dem Begriff Evolution" auf, der andere wird, wenn überhaupt, höchstens in einem Nebensatz erwähnt: Alfred Russel Wallace ist der wissenschaftlichen Welt, und noch viel mehr der Allgemeinheit, zumindest in diesem Zusammenhang so gut wie unbekannt.Auf der Suche nach den Gründen für dieses Mißverhältnis bieten sich viele Erklärungsversuche an, unter anderem von "Experten" auf dem Gebiet der Evolutionsbiologie: Darwin sei "das freilich größere Genie" (Storch, V., Welsch, U., Wink, M.: "Evolutionsbiologie", Springer, Heidelberg, 2001; S. 19), und dies vor allem aufgrund einer erdrückenden Anzahl von in seinem 1859 erschienenen Werk "Über die Entstehung der Arten..." aufgelisteten Beweisen, doch wird hier vergessen, daß diese Arbeit erst anderthalb Jahre nach der Erstveröffentlichung der Evolutionstheorien erschien und wesentliche Teile daraus dem WerkWallaces verdankt.Trotz der sehr unterschiedlichen Bildungs- und Lebenshintergründe der beiden Männer ähneln sich ihre Thesen in verblüffendem Maße, wenn sie auch nicht völlig übereinstimmen. Im ersten Abschnitt soll daher ein Vergleich vorgenommen werden, um zu klären, obmöglicherweise inhaltliche Unterschiede die ungleiche Behandlung dieser Wissenschaftler begründen können.Der zweite Abschnitt behandelt die historischen Ereignisse vor und nach der geschichtsträchtigen Verlesung beider Aufsätze vor der Linne¿schen Gesellschaft am 01. Juli 1858, die dazu beigetragen haben, daß Wallace als Urheber der Evolutionstheorie in Vergessenheit geriet.Schließlich soll untersucht werden, welche persönlichen Gründe diese für Wallace so unbefriedigende Entwicklung begünstigten.Es wurde Wert darauf gelegt, möglichst viel Primärliteratur zu verwenden, da die Wissenschaftsgeschichte bekanntlich - und besonders in diesem Fall- zu Verzerrungen neigt.

Alma. Ein Affenmensch in Eurasien

Alpenblumen im Hochgebirge

Die Blumen-Beispiele sind der Alpinen Höhenstufe 2000-3000m und der Schneestufe ab 3000m entnommen.In diesen Höhenstufen herrschen folgende extreme klimatische Bedingungen:- Alpine Stufe: Vegetationszeit ca. 100 Tage Mittlere Jahrestemperatur 0¿C- Schneestufe: Vegetaionszeit ca. 50 Tage Mittlere Jahrestemperatur -3¿C bis -5¿C

Altered production of organic acid and pigments by microbes under influence of microwave radiation

Alternate and Surge Flow Furrow Irrigation Methods for Onion Production. Evaluation in Humbo, Ethiopia

Master's Thesis from the year 2011 in the subject Biology - Ecology, Haramaya University (School of Graduate Studies), course: Irrigation Engineering, language: English, abstract: The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the conjunctive use of alternate and surge flow irrigation water application methods under field conditions. The specific objectives were: To evaluate flow characteristics and technical efficiency of alternate and conventional furrow irrigation under the application of surge flow, and to evaluate the combined effect of alternate and surge flow irrigations on the water use efficiency for onion production. The intermittent application of irrigation water in furrows permits more uniform distribution of infiltrated depth, considerable reduction of the volumes of water required, the possibility of using lighter irrigations, less water loss due to deep percolation and reduced leaching of fertilizers.All these benefits are associated with a clear reduction in the infiltration rate of the soil. This phenomenon occurs because, between one cycle and the next, the clods break up, particles are reoriented, and there is migration of the sediments that seal the base of the furrow. In addition, while the water supply in each cycle interrupted, air could trap in the soil pores. Both effects (reduction of infiltration and air interruption) facilitate the rapid advance of the water, solving the old problem of excessive losses of water by deep percolation at the beginning of the furrow.Therefore, many researchers are advocating the promises of surge flow irrigation in maximizing distribution uniformity, application efficiency, and minimizing the advance time, amount of irrigation water to be applied, loss of irrigation water through deep percolation and run off. Hence, the sustainability of the above-mentioned irrigation systems needs verification for local crop and management condition. Particularly, there are few works on the evaluation of combined use of the two method of water application. Therefore, this experiment was proposed with the hypothesis that irrigating alternate furrows, with the adoption of surge flow regime i.e., partial wetting of the root zone alternatively with intermittent flow could save water thereby increase water use efficiency (WUE) without causing substantial drop in the yield of irrigated onion crops.

Aluminium. Ein Leichtmetall, das schwer wiegt

Amerkungen zur Theorie fluidmechanischer Hydro-Copter

Wissenschaftlicher Aufsatz aus dem Jahr 2019 im Fachbereich Biologie - Sonstige Themen, , Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Stellen Sie sich vor, Sie gleiten mühelos über das Wasser, getragen von einer unsichtbaren Kraft, die Sie nach oben zieht - ein revolutionäres Konzept, das die Welt der kleinen Wasserfahrzeuge für immer verändern könnte. Dieser Text enthüllt die faszinierende Theorie hinter dem Hydro-Copter, einem innovativen fluidmechanischen Aggregat, das vertikale Kräfte erzeugt und so Wakeboards, Surfboards und Jollen zu ungeahnten Höhenflügen verhilft. Tauchen Sie ein in die Welt der Rotationsflügel, die sich autonom durch die Bewegung des Wassers drehen und das Autogyro-Prinzip nutzen, um Auftrieb zu generieren. Entdecken Sie, wie der Hydro-Copter als Arbeits- und Kraftmaschine fungiert, vergleichbar mit einem Hydrofoil, jedoch vollständig untergetaucht. Wir vergleichen dieses bahnbrechende System mit aerodynamischen Gyrocoptern und lassen uns von der Natur inspirieren, indem wir Parallelen zum eleganten Flug des Ahornsamens ziehen. Doch hinter der scheinbaren Einfachheit verbirgt sich eine komplexe Physik: Die induzierte Wirbelspule, die entgegenwirkende Strömung und das ständige Ringen um ein dynamisches Gleichgewicht fordern unser Verständnis heraus. Wir beleuchten das physikalisch-phänomenologische Dilemma des Rotors, der gleichzeitig Kraft- und Arbeitsmaschine ist, und untersuchen die Wechselwirkung zwischen antreibenden und passiv getriebenen Elementen. Begleiten Sie uns auf einer Reise durch vereinfachte Modelle und fundierte Analysen, während wir die (Quasi-)Liftkraft aus der passiven Rotation des Tragflügelsystems ermitteln und die fehlende umfassende Theorie für hydrodynamische Autogyrosysteme kritisch hinterfragen. Dieser Text ist ein Muss für jeden, der sich für Fluidmechanik, Hydrodynamik, Aerodynamik und die Zukunft der Seefahrt interessiert. Erforschen Sie das Potenzial des Hydro-Copters und werden Sie Zeuge, wie die Grenzen des Möglichen neu definiert werden. Entdecken Sie eine Welt, in der Auftrieb, Rotationsflügel und innovative Modellbildung zu einer revolutionären Technologie verschmelzen, die die Art und Weise, wie wir uns auf dem Wasser bewegen, für immer verändern könnte. Lassen Sie sich von der visionären Kraft des Hydro-Copters inspirieren und tauchen Sie ein in ein Abenteuer voller wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse und technischer Innovationen.

An Analysis of the Rice Market Integration in Uganda

Master's Thesis from the year 2009 in the subject Agrarian Studies, grade: 3.5, Makerere University (College of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences), course: Master of Science in Agribusiness Management, language: English, abstract: It is crucial that formulation of market enhancing policies to improve performance hinges on a better understanding of the local market functioning. Comprehensive market performance is better understood by studying the extent of spatial market integration which in turn is affected by communication factors like telephony growth and extension services within the marketing system. Extension services are important in influencing levels of production and dissemination of trade information of both the inputs to and output from the enterprise. Unfortunately very little was known about how rice price transmission takes place. Given the importance of rice (as a food security crop & source of income) to the rural poor, many organizations have promoted it among rural farmers for improving their welfare, it was imperative that its price movements is studied to inform policy makers & implementers on the status of its spatial market integration. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial market integration of rice markets under improving communication infrastructure particularly extension services (NAADS program) and telecommunication industry growth. This study specifically evaluated the degree of spatial market integration and strength of integration using bivariate analysis, Johansen Multiple test, and granger causality relationships. It also determined the impact of NAADS program and telecommunications on spatial rice market integration. Impulse response functions were generated to determine how long shocks in Kampala market can be eliminated in peripheral markets. Weekly prices data from sixteen markets from 2000 to 2006 were divided into three phases; full sample, pre - NAADS expansion and post NAADS program expansion to enable the study to capture the impact of these communication infrastructure. Results from this study indicate that the markets are spatially integrated and with an incredible speed over the study period. Comparatively, there was more co integration and interdependence of rice markets in the post-NAADS expansion phase than the pre - NAADS expansion phase. A further analysis of the markets using multivariate analytical approach revealed a growing rice economic market constituting eight markets; Kampala, Jinja, Iganga, Lira and Rakai including Gulu, Mbale and Soroti markets with which growth began in the pre-expansion period. [...]

An in vitro study of the expression, purification and intramolecular interactions of Hepatoma Up Regulated Protein (HURP)

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2011 in the subject Biology - Micro- and Molecular Biology, grade: A+ or 10.0, Democritus University Of Thrace (Molecular Biology and Genetics), language: Greek, Modern (1453-), abstract: This manuscript is a diploma undergraduate thesis written in Greek; Research was conducted at the University of Thrace, at the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics. Hepatoma Up Regulated Protein (HURP) is a microtubule-associated protein essential for the assembly of the mitotic spindle. HURP binds microtubules via its N-terminal domain, which is inhibited by HURP's C-terminal tail. The kinase Aurora A activates HURP by phosphorylating its C-terminus, which dissociates from the N-terminal microtubule binding domain. This diploma thesis explores how the autoinhibitory interaction between the N- and C-termini of HURP affect binding to proteins with key functions in spindle assembly (e.g., the mitotic motor Eg5 and the microtubule associated proteins TPX2 andXMAP125). I used molecular cloning techniques to generate recombinant GST- and His tagged chimeras of HURP's N- and C-termini. I optimized conditions for the expression of these proteins in bacteria and their purification by liquid chromatography methods using an FPLC system. I performed pull-down assays by incubating the recombinant proteins with HeLa cell extracts and ran western blots to examine the interactions of HURP with Eg5, TPX2 and XMAP125.

Analyzing the synergistic effects of plant extracts with bacteriophages against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Master's Thesis from the year 2020 in the subject Biology - Virology, University of the Punjab, language: English, abstract: By the passage of time the microorganisms that cause diseases become more resistant to antibiotics that are commonly used for treatment of diseases. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes nosocomial infections and is resistant to antibiotics due to presence of antibiotic resistance genes in chromosome. For the treatment of diseases caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, there is dire need of different alternative therapies to overcome the problem of antibiotic resistance and bacteriophage therapy is one among them. There are certain hurdles the bacteriophage therapy is facing for its acceptance as routine therapy which includes, narrow host range and emergence of phage resistance in bacteria. There are assumptions that bacteriophage therapy might work more effectively by using phages in combination with antibiotics and plant extracts. Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses quorum sensing (management of genetic expression) in reaction to changes in cell concentration. The quorum sensing inhibitors should have the characteristics like stability, nontoxicity, present in small amount and non-degradable. The plant extract that we used was in the crude form and can be used for prevention of bacterial infection. In combination with bacteriophages, plant extract can alter structure of bacterial enzymes and proteins, can increase the flexibility of the membrane and, can also degrade it. Some plant extracts can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) which leads to death of bacteria. In this study, synergistic effect of both plant extract and bacteriophages was studied to find out how both plant extract and phages reduce the growth of bacteria. Bacterial inhibition was checked in liquid medium as well as on agar plates. Inhibitory effect was shown by all phages, and plant extracts at different levels with mixture of phage RL and RS. With methanol extract of clove indicated higher inhibitory effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa as compared to phages and extracts alone. However, the results presented here indicates increased bacterial inhibition by combination of bacteriophages with plant extracts, which should be further explored for finding suitable combinations and can be used in future studies. ¿

Anatomie und Physiologie der Haustiere

Der erfolgreiche Lehrbuchklassiker für Studierende der Agrarwissenschaften und Veterinärmedizin, aktualisiert und erweitert!In der 16. Auflage wird verstärkt die Entwicklung von Krankheiten im Zusammenhang mit den anatomischen und physiologischen Gegebenheiten behandelt. Neben der Anatomie und Physiologie der Nutztiere einschließlich des Geflügels wird jetzt auch die des Hundes vertiefend dargelegt. Komplexe Sachverhalte werden durch Illustrationen leichter verständlich.Aus dem Inhalt: Zelle und Gewebe Skelettsystem, Zähne und Skelettmuskelsystem Blut und Infektionsabwehr Herz, Kreislaufsystem und Gefäße Atmungsapparat und Verdauungsapparat Energiehaushalt und Wärmehaushalt Harnorgane, Geschlechtsorgane und Milchdrüse Haut und Anhangsgebilde Nervensystem, Sinnesorgane, Endokrines System Säure-Basen-Haushalt (neu in der 16. Auflage)Im Anhang: Bezeichnungen, SI-Einheiten und Umrechnungen, Abkürzungen und Begriffserklärungen lateinischer und griechischer Termini.

Animal Genetics Erosion, Endangerment, Extinctions and Conservation Strategies

Seminar paper from the year 2023 in the subject Biology - Genetics / Gene Technology, grade: 3.95, Haramaya University (CAES), course: Animal and Range Scineces, language: English, abstract: There is an urgent need to document the diversity of our livestock genetic resources and to design strategies for their sustainable conservation and the main objective of this review is to exploring.The world watch list for domestic animal diversity documents more than 6 300 breeds and 7616 breeds of livestock belonging to 30 domesticated species. These breeds were developed following domestication and natural and human selection over the past 12 000 years. The current number of breeds is likely an underestimation since a large proportion of indigenous livestock populations of the developing world, where most animal genetic resources are found today; have yet to be described at phenotypic and genetic levels. The predominant species include cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, chickens, horses and buffalo. Several other domesticated animals like camels, donkeys, elephants, reindeer and rabbits are also valuable to different regions of the world. Cattle, sheep, chickens, are predominantly found all over the world, while goats and pigs are less uniformly distributed. Livestock populations have evolved a unique adaptation to their agricultural production system and agro ecological environments. Their genetic diversity has provided the material for the very successful breeding improvement programmes of the developed world in the 19th and 20th century. This represents a unique resource to respond to the present and future needs of livestock production, both in developed and developing countries. Recognizes The well importance of animal production for food security and rural livelihoods and particularly AnGR supply over 30% of total human requirements for food and agriculture and contribute to the livelihood of 70% of the world's rural poor. However, the purposes of raising livestock go beyond their direct output functions and include other significant economic and cultural roles. These include savings, insurance, cyclical buffering, accumulation and diversification, as well as various cultural roles related to status and the obligations of their owners.

Animal Parasites and Messmates

Animal Parasites and Messmates is an engaging nineteenth-century study of the many forms of association between animals: true parasitism, temporary predation-like dependence, commensal "messmate" living, and the subtler exchanges by which one organism profits from another. Van Beneden moves from intestinal worms and crustacean parasites to barnacles, mollusks, fishes, and insects, arranging natural history into a comparative argument about adaptation. Its style is lucid, taxonomic, and anecdotal, characteristic of Victorian popular science yet grounded in Continental zoology after Cuvier and Darwin. Pierre-Joseph van Beneden, professor at the Catholic University of Louvain and a founder of modern parasitology, wrote from long experience as an anatomist, marine biologist, and curator of animal life cycles. His investigations into cestodes and other parasites helped clarify hosts, development, and transmission; this background explains the book's insistence that even repellent organisms be studied as orderly, purposeful participants in nature's economy. This volume is recommended to readers interested in the history of biology, ecology, and parasitology, as well as anyone who enjoys scientific prose that turns curiosity into classification. It remains a revealing document of how nineteenth-century zoology learned to see dependence not as anomaly, but as a fundamental principle of life.